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Algebra is a branch of mathematics that substitutes letters for numbers. An algebraic equation represents a scale, what is done on one side of the scale with a number is also done to the other side of thescale. The letters are called variables or unknowns. They represent numbers that are not yet known. For example, in the equation x + 2 = 7, x is the variable. The value of x is 5 because 5 + 2 = 7. The main goal in algebra is to find the value of the variable. This process is called solving the equation. We use operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division to isolate the variable on one side of the equation. Understanding these basic principles is crucial for mastering more complex topics in mathematics.